Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but many cases can be prevented or cured if diagnosed early. Early diagnosis of cancer means finding and treating cancer before it has grown too large or spread to other parts of the body. This can improve the chances of survival, reduce the costs and side effects of treatment, and enhance the quality of life of patients.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are three steps to early diagnosis of cancer [1]:
- Improve public awareness of different cancer symptoms and encourage people to seek care when these arise.
- Invest in strengthening and equipping health services and training health workers so they can conduct accurate and timely diagnostics.
- Ensure people living with cancer can access safe and effective treatment, including pain relief, without incurring prohibitive personal or financial hardship.
In some countries, there are also national screening programs that can help detect cancers at an early stage in people who have no symptoms. Screening is a test that looks for early signs of cancer in a healthy population. For example, there are screening programs for breast cancer, bowel cancer, and cervical cancer in the UK [2].
However, screening is not the same as early diagnosis, and it is not available for all types of cancer. Therefore, it is important to be aware of your own body and any changes that are not normal for you.
Some possible signs and symptoms of cancer include
- A lump or swelling.
- Unexplained bleeding or discharge.
- A change in a mole or skin appearance.
- A persistent cough or hoarseness.
- A change in bowel or bladder habits.
- Unexplained weight loss or gain.
- Persistent pain or aches.
- Difficulty swallowing or indigestion.
- Unexplained fatigue or fever.
These symptoms do not necessarily mean you have cancer, but they should not be ignored. If you notice any of these symptoms, or anything else that is unusual for you, talk to your doctor as soon as possible.
Early diagnosis of cancer can save lives and reduce suffering. By being aware of the signs and symptoms of cancer, seeking medical attention promptly, and participating in screening programs if eligible, you can help yourself and others to fight this disease.
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